Free tool

Unit Converter for Engineers

The conversions that actually cause trouble — dBm to volts at a stated impedance, VSWR to return loss, FIT to MTBF to PMHF, copper weight to microns, AWG to milliohms per metre — alongside the ordinary SI units. Every group shows the whole set of equivalents at once and states the assumption it depends on.

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Runs entirely in your browser. Nothing is uploaded, stored, or sent anywhere.

Why another unit converter

Because the ones that come up first cannot do the conversions engineers actually get stuck on. They will turn inches into millimetres perfectly well, and then have nothing to say about dBm into volts, VSWR into return loss, FIT into PMHF, or copper weight into microns — which are the ones that end up in a design review with two people disagreeing. Those groups lead here. The ordinary SI conversions are underneath, because you may as well have them in the same place.

The other difference is that this tool tells you what it assumed. Three of the conversions above are meaningless without a piece of context, and hiding that context is how the answer ends up quietly wrong:

The conversions worth knowing by heart

A few of these come up often enough that it is worth carrying them around rather than looking them up:

ConversionValueWhy it matters
0 dBm in 50 Ω223.6 mVrms = 107.0 dBµVThe bridge between an RF budget in dBm and an EMC limit line in dBµV.
VSWR 2Γ = 0.333, RL = 9.54 dBCosts only 0.51 dB of forward power — usually less than the connector you would add to fix it.
1 ppm / 1000 hexactly 1 FITComponent vendors quote one, functional safety quotes the other. They are the same number.
100 FIT1×10-7/hExactly the ISO 26262 ASIL-B PMHF target, so a 100 FIT element with no diagnostic spends the entire budget.
1 oz/ft² copper34.79 µm (1.37 mil)Copper weight is a mass spec; the thickness is a convention that follows from it.
FR-4 propagation delayabout 170 ps/inchSix inches is a nanosecond, which is the fastest sanity check in signal integrity.
12-bit LSB244 ppm = −72.2 dBResolution, not accuracy — the error budget is a separate argument.

What it does not do

It converts units. It does not convert RMS jitter into peak-to-peak, because that needs a target bit error ratio and a dual-Dirac decomposition — the BER and jitter calculator does that properly. Temperature and temperature difference are kept as two separate groups, because the difference form drops the offset entirely and mixing them is a classic thermal-resistance error. And the AWG resistance figures are DC in solid annealed copper at 20 °C; at high frequency skin effect takes over, and the channel loss calculator handles that case.

If you are converting FIT and PMHF because you are partway into a safety case, the FIT and PMHF calculator takes it further — diagnostic coverage, SPFM, LFM and the metric gates — and the FMEDA rollup aggregates many elements into a system figure. For copper weight and geometry going into a real stackup, the stackup planner and impedance calculator pick up where this leaves off.

More free tools

Each of these runs entirely in your browser. Nothing is uploaded, stored or sent anywhere, and none of them needs an email address.

Resistor colour + SMD code →
Both directions, 4/5/6 band plus 3-digit, 4-digit and EIA-96, with an E-series check.
ASIL determination →
Severity, exposure and controllability to an ASIL, with the reasoning shown.
FIT & PMHF budget →
Failure rate and diagnostic coverage to SPFM, LFM and PMHF for one element.
FMEDA rollup →
Many elements rolled up to system SPFM, LFM and PMHF, ranked by contribution.

See all 49 engineering tools →

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We add tools here fairly often and write up the things worth writing up — a stackup that behaved oddly, a standard that turned out to be obsolete, a calculator that was quietly wrong. Join and you get told when something new lands.

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