A working engineer’s guide to signal integrity — transmission-line physics and the formulas that matter, the five mechanisms that close an eye, and a decision framework for choosing between a line simulator, SPICE, and 2D, 2.5D or 3D field solvers. Covers HyperLynx, Simbeor, SIwave, Sigrity, Clarity, HFSS, CST, Nexxim, HSPICE, ADS and PLTS, plus connector modeling, channel modeling, de-embedding and on-die SI. Read More
Category: Circuit Design
From Concept to Board: The PCB Design Flow, Step by Step
A practical walkthrough of the printed-circuit-board design flow — concept, block diagram, schematic and libraries, layout, placement, routing, SI/PI, DFM checks, fab export, incoming inspection, and board bring-up, plus the optional ISO 26262 functional-safety overlay for boards, with the tools used at each step and a glossary. Read More
Designing a Board End-to-End in KiCad
A practical end-to-end walkthrough of designing a printed circuit board in KiCad — project setup, schematic capture and ERC, footprint assignment, updating the PCB, board setup, placement, routing, DRC, 3D check, and generating Gerbers, drill, BOM, and pick-and-place for the fab. Read More